本文同步刊于英文版ORIENTATIONS年9月期《AGoryeoDynastyCeladonEwerattheAsianArtMuseumofSanFrancsico》
作者:HyonjeongKimHan(美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆韩国艺术助理研究员)
译者:张小羽
(图一)莲盖青瓷执壶
朝鲜半岛
高丽时期,约公元~年
高24.4厘米,直径16.5厘米
美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆藏(B60P+.a-.b)
高丽青瓷是美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆的优势藏品之一。亚博收藏的莲盖青瓷执壶(图一)很好地诠释了高丽青瓷令人着迷的翡色及优雅。壶肩折成直角,执手弯曲,流细长,均素面无纹,使人联想到某种金属器的造型;与之形成对比的,是盖顶柔和肥厚的双层莲瓣。施釉直至圈足底部,薄而均匀(图二),通过内部检测可清楚发现,工匠选择了最精细的亮灰色粘土。圈足光洁,无烧制残留物痕迹,表明此器是单独烧制的,或许是在仅用于烧制珍贵器物的单个匣钵中烧制而成。综合上述种种因素可知,无论是精湛的工艺,完美结合的精釉和陶土,还是精确掌控的烧制环境和技术,都体现了这件青瓷壶极高的艺术性。
GoryeoceladonwaresareoneofthestrengthsoftheAsianArtMuseumofSanFrancisco’s(theAsian’s)collection.Theewerwithlotus-shapedlidillustratedinFigure1fullyexemplifiesthemysteriousbisaekcolourandeleganceofGoryeoceladon(seeKumjaPaikKim,,p.88;andNationalMuseumofKorea,,pp.–15).Thebodywithitssharplyangledshoulder,thehandlewithitscrisplines,andtheslendermouthFig.1aBaseoftheewershowninFigure1areallunadorned,recallingtheshapeofametalprototype;butincontrast,thedoublelotusleavesdecoratingthetopofthelidaresoftandvoluminous.Theglazeisthinlyandevenlyapplieddowntotheverybottomofthebase(Fig.1a),andfromexaminingtheinsideitisclearthatthepotterselectedthemostrefined,brightgreyclay.Thecleanfootringrevealingnotraceoffiringresiduesindicatesthatthepiecewasfiredseparately,possiblyinanindividualsaggaronlyusedtofirepreciousandimportantpieces.Takingallthesefactorsintoaccount,thisewerexhibitssupremeartistry—fromthesuperbcraftsmanshipandtheharmoniousmarriageoffineglazeandclay,totheprecisionofthefiringenvironmentandtechnique.
(图二)莲盖青瓷执壶圈足底部
莲盖青瓷执壶是一天体现了高丽时期艺术情趣的杰作。执壶的颜色、形制和美学性都源于其烧制过程中对每一道工艺的完美掌控。这也支持了将青瓷执壶断代为十二世纪的观点,青瓷器生产在这一时期达到顶峰。大部分朝鲜半岛瓷器研究者认为,目前所发现的瓷器中,以仁宗皇帝墓的随葬器最为精美(图三)。亚博藏青瓷执壶与墓中出土的四件经典瓷器有许多共同特征。例如,馆藏青瓷执壶和仁宗墓瓜棱瓶有着同样晶莹剔透的秘色釉(图四);这两件瓷器整体比例感也颇为相似,尽管他们的使用功能并不相同。从这一视觉对比中可以清楚得知,亚博所藏青瓷执壶和高丽仁宗皇帝墓出土瓷器属于同一类型。
Theewerwithlotus-shapedlidisamasterpiecethatepitomizestheartisticsensibilitiesoftheGoryeodynasty.Itscolour,shapeandaestheticsensitivityresultfromasynchronizationofnumerousdistinctfactorsthroughouttheproductionprocess,andsupportthedatingoftheobjecttothe12thcentury,theperiodinwhichceladonproductionisconsideredtohavereacheditszenith.MostscholarsofKoreanceramicsagreethattheceladonsexcavatedfromthetombofKingInjong(r.–46)arethemostsophisticatedexamplessofardiscovered(Fig.3),andtheAsian’sewersharesmanycharacteristicswiththefourclassicceladonsfromthetomb(seeNationalMuseumofKorea,,pp.94–98).Forexample,theewerhasthesametranslucentjade-colouredglazeasthemelon-shapedvasefromthetombofKingInjong(Fig.4);thetwoalsogiveasimilaroverallsenseofproportion,thoughtheyareintendedfordifferentfunctions.Itisimmediatelyobviousfromthis[visual?]北京治疗白癜风白癜风去哪里治疗最好